Micronutrients Deficiency, Supplementation and Novel Coronavirus Infections—A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Background: Micronutrients play roles in strengthening and maintaining immune function, but their supplementation and/or deficiency effects on respiratory tract infections are inconclusive. This review aims to systematically assess the associations between micronutrient or deficiency, with novel coronavirus incidence disease severity. Methods: Systematic literature searches conducted five electronic databases identified 751 unique studies, of which 33 studies (five one study, 27 studies) were eventually included this review. Proportions severity outcomes each group, adjusted summary statistics relevant 95% confidence intervaIs (CI) extracted. Data from 19 pooled meta-analysis using generic inverse variance method. Findings: A total 360,346 patients across 16 countries, a mean age 32 87.7 years, involved studies. All COVID-19 infections. In individuals without there was significant reduction odds (pooled OR: 0.37, CI: 0.18, 0.78), ICU admissions severe/critical onset when combined as outcome 0.26, 0.08, 0.89). Insignificant protective observed other measures, namely mortality, admission, progression respiratory-related complications, requiring support hospitalization rate. Conclusion: The absence significantly reduced clinical deterioration hospitalized patients. Usage micronutrients prophylaxis complementary supplement therapeutic management may be promising cost-effective approach warranting in-depth investigation.